learning and learning

Hazardous Areas and Classification by NEC

2010-11-25T16:51:00.000+07:00

NEC articles 500-516 inform about hazardous area classifications and standards application in united states. Article 505 tells the use of zone system for flammable gasses, vapors and liquids. Zones does not apply to dust, fiber or flyings

Table 1 - Class location definitions

Table 2 – Area location comparison, Class I NEC® Zone versus Division locations

Hazardous area locations are classified by the type of combustible material present, the extent of time it is present, and the physical construction of the area where such material is present.

The presence of flammable gasses or vapors in sufficient quantities to produce an explosive or ignitable mixture constitutes a Class I location. A Class II location is characterized by combustible dust. Class III locations have easily ignitable fibers, but not suspended in the air in quantities sufficient to produce an ignitable airborne mixture.

Division 1 locations, in general, are those areas where ignitable or flammable concentrations of combustible materials exist continuously or repeatedly during normal operations. Division 2 locations, in general, are those areas where such materials exist in ignitable or flammable concentrations only during periods of abnormal operating conditions.

Zone 0 locations, in general, are those areas where ignitable or flammable concentrations of combustible materials exist continuously or for long periods of time. Zone 1 locations, in general, are those areas where ignitable or flammable concentrations of combustible materials are likely to or frequently exist during normal operations. Zone 2 locations, in general, are those areas where ignitable or flammable concentrations of combustible materials are not likely to occur during normal operations or will exist for only a brief period of time.

For all of these locations there are also various groups of gasses, vapors, dusts or fibers. The groups have been established based on the ignition energy required for each of the constituents within that group. Table 3 identifies typical materials within each group and the group identification

All flammable materials have an ignition temperature. Even if the material is not exposed to an open flame or spark, they will ignite if they are exposed to an object whose temperature exceeds the ignition temperature for that material. All apparatus designed for installation in hazardous areas are rated for their maximum surface temperature. Consequently, all apparatus have a temperature code associated with their hazardous area classification. Table 4 shows the temperature code/class for apparatus.

selected equipment shall have site casing operational temperature below the above temperature.

IEC Index

2010-04-24T00:43:00.002+07:00

IEC 60027-1 1992
Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology - Part 1: General

IEC 60034-1 2004
Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance

IEC 60617-DB-12M 2001
Graphical symbols for diagrams - 12-month subscription to online database comprising parts 2 to 11 of IEC 60617

IEC 61082-1 1991
Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 61082-2 1993
Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology - Part 2: Functionoriented diagrams

IEC 61082-3 1993
Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology - Part 3: Connection diagrams, tables and lists

IEC 61082-4 1996
Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology - Part 4: Location and installation documents

IEC 60038 2002
IEC standard voltages

IEC 60664-1 2002
Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests

IEC 60909-0 2001
Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c.systems - Part 0: Calculation of currents

IEC 60865-1 1993
Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

IEC 60781 1989
Application guide for calculation of shortcircuit currents in low-voltage radial systems

IEC 60076-1 2000
Power transformers - Part 1: General

IEC 60076-2 1993
Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise

IEC 60076-3 2000
Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air

IEC 60076-5 2006
Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit IEC/TR 60616 1978 Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers

IEC 60076-11 2004
Power transformers - Part 11: Dry-type transformers

IEC 60445 1999
Basic and safety principles for manmachine interface, marking and identification - Identification of equipment terminals and of terminations of certain designated conductors, including general rules for an alphanumeric system

IEC 60073 2002
Basic and safety principles for manmachine interface, marking and identification – Coding for indicators and actuators

IEC 60446 1999
Basic and safety principles for manmachine interface, marking and identification - Identification of conductors by colours or numerals

IEC 60447 2004
Basic and safety principles for manmachine interface, marking and identification - Actuating principles

IEC 60947-1 2004
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules

IEC 60947-2 2003
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 2: Circuit-breakers

IEC 60947-3 2005
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switchdisconnectors and fuse-combination units

IEC 60947-4-1 2002
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters –Electromechanical contactors and motorstarters

IEC 60947-4-2 2002
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters –AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters

IEC 60947-4-3 1999
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 4-3: Contactors and motor-starters –AC semiconductor controllers and contactors for non-motor loads

IEC 60947-5-1 2003
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements – Electromechanical control circuit devices

IEC 60947-5-2 2004

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 5-2: Control circuit devices and switching elements – Proximity switches

IEC 60947-5-3 2005
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 5-3: Control circuit devices and switching elements – requirements for proximity devices with defined behavior under fault conditions

IEC 60947-5-4 2002
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5: Control circuit devices and switching elements – section 4: Method of assessing the performance of low energy contacts. Special tests

IEC 60947-5-5 2005
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements – electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function

IEC 60947-5-6 1999
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and switching elements – DC interface for proximity sensors and switching amplifiers (NAMUR)

IEC 60947-6-1 2005
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment – Automatic transfer switching equipment

IEC 60947-6-2 2002
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment -Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS)

IEC 60947-7-1 2002
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 1: Terminal blocks for copper conductors

IEC 60947-7-2 2002
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 2: Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors

IEC 60439-1 2004
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies IEC 60439-2 2005 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 2: Particular requirements for busbar trunking systems (busways)

IEC 60439-3 2001
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 3: Particular requirements for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies intended to be installed in places where unskilled persons have access for their use -Distribution boards

IEC 60439-4 2004
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 4: Particular requirements for assemblies for construction sites (ACS)

IEC 60439-5 1998
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 5: Particular requirements for assemblies intended to be installed outdoors in public places -Cable distribution cabinets (CDCs) for power distribution in networks

IEC 61095 2000
Electromechanical contactors for household and similar purposes

IEC/TR 60890 1987
A method of temperature-rise assessment by extrapolation for partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA) of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear

IEC/TR 61117 1992
A method for assessing the short-circuit withstand strength of partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA)

IEC 60092-303 1980
Electrical installations in ships. Part 303: Equipment - Transformers for power and lighting

IEC 60092-301 1980
Electrical installations in ships. Part 301: Equipment - Generators and motors

IEC 60092-101 2002
Electrical installations in ships - Part 101: Definitions and general requirements

IEC 60092-401 1980
Electrical installations in ships. Part 401: Installation and test of completed installation

IEC 60092-201 1994
Electrical installations in ships - Part 201: System design – General

IEC 60092-202 1994
Electrical installations in ships - Part 202: System design – Protection

IEC 60092-302 1997
Electrical installations in ships - Part 302: Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

IEC 60092-350 2001
Electrical installations in ships - Part 350: Shipboard power cables – General construction and test requirements

IEC 60092-352 2005
Electrical installations in ships - Part 352: Choice and installation of electrical cables IEC 60364-5-52 2001 Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment – Wiring systems

IEC 60227
Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/ 750 V
1998 Part 1: General requirements
2003 Part 2: Test methods
1997 Part 3: Non-sheathed cables for fixed wiring
1997 Part 4: Sheathed cables for fixed wiring
2003 Part 5: Flexible cables (cords)
2001 Part 6: Lift cables and cables for flexible connections
2003 Part 7: Flexible cables screened and unscreened with two or more conductors

IEC 60228 2004
Conductors of insulated cables

IEC 60245
Rubber insulated cables - Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V
2003 Part 1: General requirements
1998 Part 2: Test methods
1994 Part 3: Heat resistant silicone insulated cables
1994 Part 4: Cords and flexible cables
2004 Part 4: Cord and flexible cables
1994 Part 5: Lift cables
1994 Part 6: Arc welding electrode cables
1994 Part 7: Heat resistant ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber insulated cables
2004 Part 8: Cords for applications requiring high flexibility

IEC 60309-2 2005
Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes - Part 2: Dimensional interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tube accessories

IEC 61008-1 2002
Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCBs) -Part 1: General rules

IEC 61008-2-1 1990
Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCB’s). Part 2-1: Applicability of the general rules to RCCB’s functionally independent of line voltage

IEC 61008-2-2 1990
Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCB’s). Part 2-2: Applicability of the general rules to RCCB’s functionally dependent on line voltage

IEC 61009-1 2003
Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs) -Part 1: General rules

IEC 61009-2-1 1991
Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBO’s) Part 2-1: Applicability of the general rules to RCBO’s functionally independent of line voltage

IEC 61009-2-2 1991
Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBO’s) -Part 2-2: Applicability of the general rules to RCBO’s functionally dependent on line voltage

IEC 60670-1 2002
Boxes and enclosures for electrical accessories for household and similar fixed electrical installations - part 1:General requirements

IEC 60669-2-1 2002
Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 2-1: Particular requirements – electronic switches

IEC 60669-2-2 2002
Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 2: Particular requirements – section 2: Remote-control switches (RCS)

IEC 60669-2-3 1997
Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 2-3: Particular requirements – time-delay switches (TDS)

IEC 60079-10 2002
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas

IEC 60079-14 2002
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 14: Electrical installations in hazardous areas (otherthan mines)

IEC 60079-17 2002
Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 17: Inspection and maintenance of electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines)

IEC 60269-1 2005
Low-voltage fuses - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60269-2 1986
Low-voltage fuses. Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application)

IEC 60269-3-1 2004
Low-voltage fuses - Part 3-1:Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by unskilled persons (fuses mainly for household and similar applications) -Sections I to IV: Examples of types of standardized fuses

IEC 60127-1/10
Miniature fuses –
2003 Part 1: Definitions for miniature fuses and general requirements for miniature fuse-links
2003 Part 2: Cartridge fuse-links 1988 Part 3: Sub-miniature fuse-links
2005 Part 4: Universal Modular Fuse-Links (UMF)Through-hole and surface mount types
1988 Part 5: Guidelines for quality assessment of miniature fuse-links
1994 Part 6: Fuse-holders for miniature cartridge fuse-links
2001 Part 10: User guide for miniature fuses

IEC 60730-2-7 1990
Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use. Part 2-7:Particular requirements for timers and time switches

IEC 60364-1 2005
Low-voltage electrical installations Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics,
Definitions

IEC 60364-4-41 2005
Low-voltage electrical installations Part 4-41: Protection for safety -Protection against electric shock

IEC 60364-4-42 2001
Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-42: Protection for safety -Protection against thermal effects

IEC 60364-4-43 2001
Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-43: Protection for safety -Protection against overcurrent

IEC 60364-4-44 2003
Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-44: Protection for safety -Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances

IEC 60364-5-51 2005
Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-51: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Common rules

IEC 60364-5-52 2001
Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Wiring systems

IEC 60364-5-53 2002
Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Isolation, switching and control

IEC 60364-5-54 2002
Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Earthing arrangements, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors

IEC 60364-5-55 2002
Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Other equipment

IEC 60364-6-61 2001
Electrical installations of buildings Part 6-61: Verification - Initial verification

IEC 60364-7 1984…2005
Electrical installations of buildings Part 7: Requirements for special installations or locations

IEC 60529 2001
Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 61032 1997
Protection of persons and equipment by enclosures - Probes for verification

IEC/TR 61000-1-1 1992
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 1: General - Section 1: application and interpretation of fundamental definitions and terms

IEC/TR 61000-1-2 2001
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 1-2: General - Methodology for the achievement of the functional safety of electrical and electronic equipment with regard to electromagnetic phenomena

IEC/TR 61000-1-3 2002
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 1-3: General - The effects of highaltitude EMP (HEMP) on civil equipment and systems

Analog transmitter calibration

2009-06-25T16:25:00.003+07:00

Prior to commencement, refer to manufacturers recommended calibration procedure for this device. This is general terms for a pressure transmitter and in certain circumatances it may be the case that a characteristic of the instrument under test differs from this procedure.
Check instrument against data sheet, P&ID and layout drawings.
Record transmitter range. Output indication shall be calibrated with the transmitter. Record the instrument supply in.
Simulate process variable that the device shall measure ie hydraulic or pneumatic pressure calibrator, temperature bath, manually move equipment, test solution for SG, ph or conductivity. Float type solution interface transmitters must be tested with suitable test fluid (simillar composition and SG). Suitable method of transport and handling the fluids must be provided. Determining the level in measurement chamber must be developed and agreed with the responsible engineer. Transmitter on oxygen service must be subject to pneumatic test only.
Connect the output of transmitter to either the suitable test meter (electrical) or test gauge (pneumatic).
By varying the simulated input signal incerasing and decreasing accordingly set zero and full scale to within the manufacturers tolerance.
Apply varying simulated input 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% and decreasing back to 0%
Calculate percetage error if applicable
Reinstate the device and check installation detail, sign and date accordingly.
Attached any "As Built" drawings or sketches. must be stamped "As Built" and signed/date both in red ink.
Record any defect and deviation on data sheet and sign off ITRs as complete by printing and signing name and date in "Inspected by section"

Power & Control Cable Pre-commissioning

2009-06-23T15:54:00.005+07:00

Cek dan Pastikan

Compare cable size, type and tagging with the cable schedule. Ensure core identification match with connection diagram and phase sequence
Check the glands certificate meet the area classification as mentioned in spec
Inspect the glands cable for tighness and good workmanship; correct type and size of cable installed. Check the outdoor glands have been wrappen in vulcanising tape
Ensure the gland plates for all single cables have been manufactured from non magnetic materials
Pastikan conductors are terminated using crimped connections. check correct size and type of crimping lugs has been used
Before making any measurement, inspector should ensure both ends of the cable has been disconnected and are clear of any metal
Cek the earth connection

Insulation Resistance Test

Ukur insulation resistance of the cable on record on the relevant certifiacte. Table di bawah memberikan minimum test voltage and minimum acceptable value of insulation resistance.

For LV multicore measurement shall be

core to core

core to earth

screen to armour

Switchgear Pre-commissioning

2009-06-23T14:53:00.013+07:00

Switchgear pre-installation inspection

Pastikan equipment certificate meet area classification requirement

Remove temporary weather proofing, transport packing, and silica gel drying agent from switchgear, Cek cleanliness di dalam switchgear, specially for insulator

Compare switchgear equipment meets equipment schedule, specially rating and any circuit changes

Pastikan equipment meets spec, including weather, dust and vermin proofing

Switchgear post-installation inspection

Check switchboard assy for alignment, level, tighteness foundation bolts and fixing in general

Pastikan all panel doors and gland plate are bonded to switchboard structure

Pastikan all equipment installed in switch board are in good conditions

Inspect busbar joint

Pastikan all insulators are clean, free from damage and not subjected to undue mechanical stress

Cek all items corresponded to material list

Cek all damages items

Clearence phase to phase and phase to earth are acordance with spec

Section clearances are satisfactory

Earthing connection connected to all necessary points and clear of other metal

Earthing connection tight, greased and thinned as required. Inspect the switchboard earth bar and earth cable for electrical and mechanical continuity

Confirm all earth runs connected to main grid

Labels correct/fitted

Manufacturers name plate/marker correct/fitted

Serial numbers match manufacturers test certificates

Primary connection assembly /jointing compound, no undue stress/tension on equipment, fitting bolt correctly tensioned

No dissimilar metals employed on primary connections

No rust on equipment

Site surfacing is correct and satisfactory

All fixing bolts are tight

No leaking impregnation fluid or swelling of containers

Ensure all manufacturer's document and test certificate have been received

Operation of locking facilities

Cable entry arrangments

Ensure all equipments meet specification weather, dust and vermin proofing after installation

Examine fuses for rupturing or signs of deterioration

Switchborad testing

After all busbar joints are completed but prior to securely fitting busbar covers, measure insulation resistance of the busbars and control wiring.

Where there are any busbar joints, ductor test must be carried out prior to fitting covers. Simillar joints shall have a contact resistance within 10% of each other. The joints shall have a resistance equal or lower than an equivalent section of busbar

Test switch board earth system for electrical dan mechanical continuity. Measure earth path resistance at the earth bar to the general earth system and earth bar joints

Ensure that all protection relay have been tested accrdance with requirement of appropriate test certificate and vendor instruction

Measure insulation testing of busbar and control wiring. Test should be carrued out prior to pressure test and before energising switchboard. Minimum acceptabe test result as below. A Power frequency voltage test (pressure test) on both main and outgoing cicuits sall be carried out phases and phases to earth.

Following conection shall be adhered for the tests

All secondary sides of current transformers shall be short circuit
All secodary sides of voltage transformer shall be open circuit

upon completion all tests, reconnect all cables and ensure that shorting links and fuses are replace

Electrical & Instrument Fabrication & shop Drawing

2009-06-22T17:12:00.019+07:00

What kind of electrical and instrument drawing can be found in fabrication of an oil and gas fabrication project. This only an overview and few drawing samples for who wants to know about a project fabrication -construction, specially for electrical and instrument disciples area. Actually quantity and kinds of drawing are depend on system which are already designed and approved by Engineering and client or project owner.

Dalam suatu project construction biasa kita temukan istilah EPCI. Biasa setelah bidding project selesai, maka akan di announce pemenang project. Missal untuk engineering dan procurement di menangkan oleh PT A, untuk fabrikasi dimenangkan oleh PT B, untuk offshore installation dimenangkan oleh PT C. Tapi ada juga untuk EPCI ini dimenangkan oleh satu perusahaan.

E stands for Engineering,
Engineering is body/company who have designed a project. Here will be discussed and decided about a system made, material consumed, manpower required included skill and competency, method agreed, machine used and how to manage activities and communication flow among discipline, management, contractor, client, owner, third parties inspection and classification

P is Procurement,
Normally procurement is how to procure after dealing with supplier and vendor material and schedule delivery and receiving and where are put ; warehouse or need certain condition reservation

C is Construction,
Construction is done in site, usually in a yard. Normally yard is located in seashore in order easy to bring product CPP or modules to offshore installation location. First maybe preparation of civil and foundation activities, than structural installation, piping installation, electrical installation and instrument installation, and lastly pre commissioning.

I is Installation,
After fabrication finished, next stage is installation. the product will be pulled to edge of sea and put on the barge and do sea fastening and ready to sail away to installation place. During this time shall be prepared all items for offshore installation, lifting equipment capacity, competent crews, scenario of installation etc

Sekarang kita jump to topic about Electrical & instrument drawing. Actually each client or owner or company have their specification. They have their own terminology like few companies use term “grounding” ,others use term “earthing”. All terminologies actually are agreement in specification /datasheet/manufacturing sheet. All depend how they define and name in their document

ELECTRICAL DESIGN DRAWING
Electrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid index, legend, symbol & notes
Electrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid single line diagram or one line diagram
lectrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid block diagram
Electrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid schematic/logic/loop/wiring/interconnection diagram
Electrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid layout
Electrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid installation Details
Electrical/PAGA/Navigational Aid cable/panel Schedule
Electrical main tray/ladder support detail
Hazardous area classification
Electrical design miscellaneous

ELECTRICAL SHOP AND INSTALLATION (Field Run) DRAWING
Electrical power routing layout
Electrical Power tray support layout
Electrical Power tray support detail
Electrical Power mounting support layout
Electrical Power mounting support detail
Electrical Equipment support layout
Electrical Equipment support detail
Lighting cable routing
Lighting tray support layout
Lighting tray support detail
Lighting mounting support layout
Lighting mounting support detail
Navigation aid mounting support layout
Navigation aid mounting support Detail
PAGA cable tray support layout
PAGA cable tray support detail
PAGA mounting support layout
PAGA mouting support detail
Electrical/PAGA cable penetration layout
Electrical/PAGA cable penetration detail
Electrical Shop Miscellaneous

INSTRUMENT DESIGN DRAWING
Instrument/ Fire & Gas/Telecommunication index, legend, symbol & notes
Instrument process cause & effect diagram
Instrument safety cause & effect diagram
Instrument shutdown hierarchy diagram
Instrument blok diagram
Instrument interconnection/loop /termination/wiring/interface/schematic/logic diagram
Instrument layout
Instrument installation/support/mounting detail
Instrument hook up
Instrument cable/tubing/panel schedule
Instrument level sketches
Instrument main tray/ladder support detail
Instrument miscellaneous

Fire and Gas cause & effect diagram
Fire and Gas single line/interconnection/loop diagram /termination/
Fire and Gas wiring/interface/schematic/logic diagram
Fire and Gas block diagram
Fire and Gas layout
Fire and Gas installation/mounting detail
Fire and Gas miscellaneous
Safety Escape route/sign layout

Telecom single line diagram
Telecom /interconnection/loop diagram /termination/wiring/logic diagram
Telecom cable routing layout
Telecom block diagram
Telecom layout
Telecom installation/mounting detail
Telecom miscellaneous

INSTRUMENT SHOP/INSTALLATION DRAWING
Instrument mounting support layout
Instrument installation detail
Instrument tubing routing
Instrument tubing tray support Layout
Instrument tubing tray support detail
Instrument cable tray support Layout
Instrument cable tray support detail
Fusible plug mounting layout
Fusible plug detail
Fusible plug tray support Layout
Fusible plug tray support detail
Fire & Gas mounting support layout
Fire & Gas mounting support detail
Fire & Gas cable tray support layout
Fire & Gas cable tray support detail
Telecom mounting support layout
Telecom mounting support detail
Telecom cable tray support layout
Telecom cable tray support detail
Instrument Tubing/cable Penetration layout
Instrument Tubing/cable Penetration Detail
Instrument Junction Box Support layout
Instrument Junction Box Support Detail

Few drawing samples for Electrical Discipline :
1. Legend. Legend tells all symbols which are used in drawing in order whoever read drawing can understand everything on drawing
There are several national and international standards for graphical symbols in circuit diagrams, in particular:
· IEC 60617 (also known as British Standard BS 3939)
· ANSI standard Y32 (also known as IEEE Std 315)

2. Single line diagram. Ada juga memakai istilah one line diagram. Ini biasa nya men deskripsi kan tentang aliran daya listrik, start from generator, bus duct, switchgear, transformer, ke distribution board, than supply untuk
- motor /pump/ fan/ compressor
- space heater
- lighting
- fire and gas panel
- Public address and general alarm panel
- Telecommunication panel
- Instrument supply panel etc

3. Block diagram. Di dalam block diagram biasa nya menggambarkan interrelationship among system and existing equipment in global view, usually for electrical about cabling relationship. Below are lighting block diagram sample

4. Wiring diagram/Interconnection diagram/loop diagram/schematic diagram. so far I have found They are almost same. All are about wiring or cabling detail for real connection. All connection should be labeled by tag no or cable marker for tracking and identification. Below are samples of Junction box

and turbine-generator wiring connection.

5. Plan or layout drawing. Plan show location of equipment. Plan usually base on system. E.g. lighting plan, fire and gas plan, public address and general alarm plan, telecommunication plan, navigational aid plan. Below is sample of fire and gas plan

6. Detail installation drawing. These are detail installation for each equipments or detector or sensor which are given in plan drawing included with each bill of material for each installation. So each plan drawing will have all kinds of detail installation for all equipments /detectors /sensor which are put in plan drawing. Below is sample of strobe light installation detail

Few drawing samples Untuk Instrument Discipline
1. Instrument hook up. Hook up is similar with installation detail. See below picture

2. Instrument Tray support detail. This tells about support of main tray or ladder

3. Instrument layout. This give information about location of instrument in the field

5. Instrument Fusible plug plan & detail

Electrical Hook up general note for instrument installation

2009-03-16T13:00:00.006+07:00

Instrument hook up and installation for instrument wiring system shall be accordance with specifications (Instrument design basis & instrument installation specification)
The hook up and installation drawings shown in general the required position of the instrument relative to measuring point. The exact location shall be determined at the site with the aid of instrument location drawings
All instruments shall be installed in such a way that they are not subjected to
- Unable to access
- excessive vibration
- extreme environment conditions
- obstruct traffic
- periodic maintenance of adjacent equipmentbe installed in place which are prone to leakage/dripping
Sufficient space shall be left around the instrument for instrument cover removal /withdrawal and for removal protective shades. The minimum clearance between any parts and instrument and surrounding structures or equipment shall not be less than 0.2m to allow insulation, painting, etc
Sufficient flexibility shall be provided in instrument cable line to allow thermal expansion the line equipment to which they connect
All fabricated work in the field shall be grounded smooth and painted as per project standards. All painting shall be carried out before attachment of instruments, cables, tubing, etc. to the painted materials
All instrument cables and wiring shall be identified with the drawings and as detailed in instrument basis. Instrument cable shall be tagged with 316SS tags at walls, penetration and at the end points
Wiring to terminal blocks shall not exceed two connections per terminal point
A short coil of cable shall be made in field cable at instrument
Every wire in every cable including spare wires and drain wires shall be terminated with a company approved insulated ferule, on rail mounted terminal blocks , at both end
Each terminal point (including end devices, junction boxes and marshalling strips) shall be made up to include heat shrink insulation over cable and wire shields, end and bare drain wires
All cable shields shall be earthed at IER (Instrument Equipment Room) and CCR (Control Center Room) only. Individual shields drain wires for pairs and triad shall be cut, coil and taped at the instrument head
All multi core pair and triad overall shields and drain wires shall be insulated green/yellow colored PVC sleeving
All metallic components, others than current carrying conductors shall be connected to a common earth system. All unused cable cores shall be earthed at one end only
cable runs that penetrate walls (E.G. building walls, blast walls and fire walls) that separate safe area hazardous (classified) shall be provided with vapor tight cable transits fire rated to meet the fire wall requirements

Generator Electrical Protective Relay Devices base on ANSI

2009-03-11T16:54:00.000+07:00

Over excitation protection Volt/Hertz relay (ANSI No.24)

Relay ini harus di-set untuk meng-counter high induction
proporsional dengan V/f, yang mengakibatkan thermal
overloading. These may occur during starting and shut

Picture :

ABB-product series-compact and integrated with multi protectiondown under full load condition

Under voltage relay (ANSI No.27)
This relay prevents generator/motor to operate below normal voltage/frequency operating system cause by AVR or internal faults. Time delay must be set slower than transient system voltage dip and must be faster than too much slowing down generator and make re accelerate to meet proper plant recovery

Reverse power relay (ANSI No. 32)
This device protects generator to receive power from system in case of failing prime mover to drive generator. Turn back power may damage generator.

Lost of excitation relay (ANSI No. 40)
Faulty in generator field excitation circuitry causes generator loss of excitation. In this case generator will act as induction generator which received reactive power from system. This condition will make instability in power system and over heating on damper rotor windings

Negative sequence relay (ANSI No.46)
These are included to detect phase unbalance, phase reversal, and phase sequence fault. These abnormal condition will heat machine windings. This kind of relay is more independent to do close/open power system

Inadvertent energizing relay (ANSI No. 50/27)
Due to unintentionally energizing will make generator damage. This relay will limit down possibility of generator damage. Actually this relay is combination of over current relay and under voltage relay with controlling electronic digital logic.

Breaker failure relay (ANSI No.50BF)
In the event of a downtimes or faulty in generator, generator can remain online if the breaker is defective or substantial damage. This protection will measure minimum breaker current and thru auxiliary contact. It can be activated via internal protective tripping or externally via binary input

Sensitive earth fault relay (ANSI No.50/51G)
This device is for Limiting damage of generator in the event of rotor earth fault. The sensitive earth fault can be use as separate earth fault protection

Definite time over current relay (ANSI No.50/51)
This is short circuit protective device

Inverse time over current relay (ANSI No 51V)
This is also short circuit protective device with ANSI and IEC curve characteristic respond. This can be selected base on system requirement

Over voltage relay (ANSI No.81U)
This protect generator voltage regulator that could be damaged in an over voltage condition due to AVR failure or manual voltage control errors. A time delay is provided to prevent tripping under transient voltage spikes

Fire Type

2009-02-02T10:24:00.000+07:00

Fire can be classified base on fuel source type. Actually different fuel will be come out different fire characteristic. Base on this, fire detector/gas detector should be suit with the actual source of fuel which might likely involveded in a system of process/equipment/utility

below are picture some of fire pictures based on different source of gas

Hilti fastening

2008-12-15T16:29:00.000+07:00

Hilti is company which produce fastenings products for structural, piping and Electrical & Instrument Area. Normally Hilti is used in indoor application ,example in Main & Control Equipment Room, specially for electrical & Instrument.

sometimes also applied in outdoor area in certain case, especiallly installation supports in places where sitting position of equipment is already painted. so we can not weld supports to structural side because welding will damage paints.

CCTV-PTZ Type

2008-12-03T09:08:00.001+07:00

A thermal imager is a camera which is capable of detecting extremely small temperature diff erences. These temperature diff erences can be converted into a real-time video image. Displayed on a monitor, this video image is extremely suited for night vision applications. Unlike other night vision systems that require low amounts of light to generate an image, a thermal imager needs no light at all. This makes it the perfect tool to see in absolute darkness, to see during the darkest night.

Thermal imagers are very eff ective for securing large open areas. Thermal imaging is invisible to intruders, allowing security personnel to monitor their actions without their knowledge, protecting people and assets before they are exposed to danger.

Specification for cables ...BS oriented

2008-12-01T12:11:00.004+07:00

1. All cables, busbars trunkings and wiring accessories shall be obtained from approved manufactures and shall be manufactured and tested to the relevant British Standard Specifications and the requirements of the Local Testing Authority.
Multicore cables and busbars trunkings shall have colour identifications to distinguish between different phases, neutral and earth conductors.
Cables shall be delivered to site in unbroken coils with the original wrapping intact. Cables with kinks or abrasions shall be replaced at no extra cost.
Unless otherwise specified, conductors shall be copper with 98% minimum conductivity. They shall be stranded plain annealed type to BS 6360 where used for cables and hard drawn type to BS 159 where used for busbar trunkings.
Unless otherwise specified all cables shall be PVC sheated and electrical accessories made of high impact PVC materials where used in corrosive environments.

2. PVC and PVC/PVC cables shall be selected in accordance with the followings:-
i) Where used as final sub-circuits for lighting and power and with conductor sizes not exeeding 25 mm2, they shall be of 440 volt/250 volt insulation grade to BS 6004.
ii) Where used as mains circuits or where conductor sizes exceed 25 mm2, they shall be 600 volt/1000 volt insulation grade to BS 6346.
iii) They shall have insulation suitable for 70 Degree C conductor temperature and comply to BS 6746.

3. PVC Armoured cables shall be selected in accordance with the following:-
i) They shall be of 600 volt/1000 volt grade to BS 6346 and suitable for 70 degree C conductor temperature with insulation complying to BS 6746.
ii) Unless otherwise specified, the armouring shall be constructed of single layer of galvanised steel wires complying with BS 1442.
iii) They shall be multi-core type

4. Paper insulated cables shall be selected in accordance with the following:-
i) They shall be of 600 volt/1000 volt grade to BS 6480 : Part 1 and suitable for 80 degree C. conductor temperature.
ii) Unless otherwise specified, they shall be of lead sheath double steel tape armoured (PILCDSTA) type.
iii) Single core cables shall be of non-magnetic armouring type with lead alloy sheath.
iv) They shall be mass impregnated with non draining insulationg compounds (M.I.N.D.).
v) They shall have the manufacturer names, year of manufacture and voltage rating printed on the tape immediately under the metal sheath.
vi) Where used as underground cables, they shall have served with compound layers of fibrous material and bitumen. Where used indoors and exposed, they shall be finished with extruded PVC oversheath.

5. Mineral insulated cables shall be selected in accordance with the following:-
i) Unless otherwise specified, they shall be of copper sheath to BS 6207 : Part 1.
ii) Where used in final sub-circuit for lighting and power with conductor size of 100 mm2 and less, they shall be of 440 volt insulation grade.
iii) Where used as mains circuits or where conductor sizes exceed 100 mm2, they shall be of 660 volt insulation grade.
iv) Silicon rubber sleeve insulation shall be used to replace copper sheath stripped off near the terminations. Where terminations exceed 150 degree C, varnished glass fibre sleeve insulation shall be used to replaced the "stripped off" copper sheath.
v ) Terminations, unless otherwise specified shall be rated for 105 degree C.

6. XLPE armoured cables shall be selected in accordance with the following:-
i) They shall be of 600 Volt/1000 Volt grade to BS 5467 and suitable for 90 degree C conductor temperature.
ii) Insulated cores shall be cabled with suitable fillers in round shape and a binder tape shall be applied helically over the cable cores.
iii) Separation sheath shall be black PVC compound complying with ST2 and IEC 502.
iv) Armour shall consist of a single layer of galvanised steel wires (type SWA) for multicore cables and hard drawn Aluminium wires (AWA) of single core cables.
v) Outer sheath shall be black PVC compound complying with ST2 of IEC 502.
vi) ELECTRIC CABLE voltage rating and name of manufacturer shall be embosed on the outersheath.

7. Fire resistant cables shall be selected in accordance with the following :
i) They shall be of 300 Volt/500 Volt grade to BS 6387 and suitable for 75 degree C conductor temperature.
ii) They shall have fire resistant characteristic to IEC 331 which are established by special mica fire proof tape applied over the conductor.
iii) Special fire retardant polyethylene is used for sheathing material of the cable. They shall have flame retardants characteristics to IEC 332-1.
iv) They shall have features such as non-toxis gas (non-halagon gas) and low smoke generation at fire to IEC 754-1.
v) Terminations, unless otherwise specified shall be rated for 105 degree C.

8. Busbar trunkings shall be selected in accordance with the following :-
i) They shall be of low resistance, totally enclosed, non-ventilated interchargeable feeder to plug-in type having current density not exceeding 1500 Amp. per 1000 mm2 and comply fully with BS 159.
ii) Unless otherwise specified, they shall withstand a minimum breaking capacity of 31 MVA at 415V, 50 Hz for a duration of 3.0 Second.
iii) Phase and neutral busbars shall have the same cross-sectional area. They shall carry continuous rated current with temperature rise not exceed 55 degree C. The impedance characteristic shall be such that the line to line voltage drop at rated current for any power factor will not exceed 0.115 volt per meter for feeder duct or 0.145 volt per meter for plug in duct.
iv) The trunking channels and removable cover plates shall be constructed to 14 gauge and 16 gauge galvanised mild steel sheet respectively and finished with two coats of approved paints.
v) They shall be supplied in sectional lengths to suit the installation. Proper expansion joints shall be provided at every 6 meter interval between the lengths. Continuous tinned-copper earthing strips of not less than 25% of cross-sectional area of phase conductor shall be provided between lenghts of busbar trunkings.
vi) Each section of the busbar trunking shall be removable without disturbing any section.

9. Wiring devices shall be selected in accordance with the following:-
i) They shall have voltage rating suitable for the supply characteristics to which they are applied.
ii) They shall be manufactured from moulded track-resisting material to BS 1322 and shall be of the type and rating as specified and shown in the Drawings.
iii) Unless otherwise specified, lighting switches shall be 5 Amp. rating, flush mounting, rocker operated type single pole, 2-way switch and comply with BS3676. They shall be grid switch type for multigang and plate switch type for single gang.
iv) All switches rated at 20 Amp. and above shall be of the double pole type, flush mounted and rocker operated incorporating pilot lamp.
v) Unless otherwise specified, lighting socket outlets shall be 5 Amp. rating flush mounting, shuttered, round pin type rocker operated with single-pole micro break switch and complying with BS 546.
vi) Unless otherwise specified, power socket outlets shall be 13 Amp. rating, flush mounting, shuttered, rectangular pin type, rocker operated with single-pole micro break switch and complying with BS 1363.
vii) In the electrical and mechanical equipment rooms, all switches and socket outlets shall be of the metalclad type.
viii) Where exposed to weather, socket outlets shall incorporate locking rings and rubber gaskets in the weatherproof housing manufactured for the purpose and provided with screw-in cover. Switches shall be of the type fitted with a cork gland around the stem of the operating knob and by a cork gasket between the cover and the base.
ix) Ceiling roses shall comply with BS 67. They shall be either surface or semi-recess type with the base having a minimum of three knockouts for cable entires. The base shall incorporate clamp type terminals suitable for holding the phase, neutral, earth and loop-in cables in a distinct manner. The cover plates shall be of the screw-in type.
x) 15A switched soclet outlets and socket outlets shall be of round pin type and comply

Measurement

2008-11-20T16:07:00.000+07:00

Oil Gas Process Overview

2008-11-11T12:36:00.000+07:00

This is simple overview of oil and gas exploration. start from wellhead platform, go to Central Processing Platform (separator system, desander system, degasser system, coalescer system, metering system, temperature treatment system, metering system, water treatment system). finally exporting system (supplied to pipe line or transported by Shipping or FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading)

IEEE Index

2008-11-10T13:12:00.000+07:00

IEEE Std 1-2000 IEEE Recommended Practice General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating

IEEE Std 62-1995 IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus–Part 1: Oil Filled

IEEE Std 98-2002 IEEE Standard for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of

IEEE Std 99-1980 (R2000) IEEE Recommended Practice for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal

IEEE Std 259-1999 (R2004) IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulation for Dry-Type

IEEE Std 315-1975 (R1993) with 315A-1986 IEEE Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference

IEEE Std 637-1985 (R2002) IEEE Guide for the Reclamation of Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use

IEEE Std 638-1992 (R1999) IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class 1E Transformers for Nuclear Generating Stations

IEEE Std 1276-1997 IEEE Guide for the Application of High Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid-Immersed

IEEE Std 1277-2000 IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Code for Dry-Type and Oil-Immersed Smoothing Reactors

IEEE Std 1312-1993 (R2004) IEEE Standard Preferred Voltage Ratings for Alternating-Current Electrical Systems

IEEE Std 1313.1-1996 (R2002) IEEE Standard for Insulation Coordination–Definitions, Principles, and Rules (Revision

IEEE Std 1313.2-1999 IEEE Guide for the Application of Insulation Coordination

IEEE Std 1388-2000 IEEE Standard for the Electronic Reporting of Transformer Test Data

IEEE Std 1538-2000 IEEE Guide for Determination of Maximum Winding Temperature Rise in Liquid-Filled

IEEE Std C57.12.00-2000 IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating

IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998 IEEE Standard General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers

ANSI C57.12.10-1997 American National Standard for Transformers–230 kV and Below 833/958 through 8333/10

ANSI C57.12.20-1997 American National Standard for Overhead Type Distribution Transformers, 500 kVA and Smaller...

ANSI C57.12.21-1992 American National Standard Requirements for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type Self-Cooled,

ANSI C57.12.22-1993 (R1998) American National Standard Requirements for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type Self-Cooled,

IEEE Std C57.12.23-2002 IEEE Standard for Underground Type, Self-Cooled, Single-Phase, Distribution Transformers

ANSI C57.12.24-2000 American National Standard for Transformers--Underground-Type, Three-Phase Distribution Transfomers...

ANSI C57.12.25-1990 American National Standard for Transformers–Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled,

IEEE Std C57.12.26-1992 IEEE Standard for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution

ANSI C57.12.28-1999 American National Standard Pad-Mounted Equipment–Enclosed Integrity

ANSI C57.12.29-1991 American National Standard Switchgear and Transformers-Pad-Mounted Equipment-Enclosure

IEEE Std C57.12.31-2002 IEEE Standard for Pole Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity

IEEE Std C57.12.32-2002 IEEE Standard for Submersible Equipment–Enclosure Integrity

IEEE Std C57.12.34-2004 IEEE Standard Requirements for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers...

IEEE Std C57.12.35-1996 (R2004) IEEE Standard for Bar Coding for Distribution Transformers

ANSI C57.12.40-2000 American National Standard for Secondary Network Transformers–Subway and Vault Types

IEEE Std C57.12.44-2000 IEEE Standard Requirements for Secondary Network Protectors

ANSI C57.12.50-1981 (R1998) American National Standard Requirements for Ventilated Dry-Type Distribution Transformers,

ANSI C57.12.51-1981 (R1998) American National Standard Requirements for Sealed Dry-Type Power Transformers,

ANSI C57.12.52-1981 (R1998) American National Standard Requirements for Sealed Dry-Type Power Transformers, 501

ANSI C57.12.55-1987 (R1998) American National Standard for Transformers–Used in Unit Installations, Including Unit Substations...

IEEE Std C57.12.56-1986 IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Ventilated

IEEE Std C57.12.58-1991 (R1996, 2002) IEEE Guide for Conducting a Transient Voltage Analysis of a Dry-Type Transformer

IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001 IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration

IEEE Std C57.12.60-1998 IEEE Guide for Test Procedures for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Solid-Cast

IEEE Std C57.12.70-2000 IEEE Standard Terminal Markings and Connections for Distribution and Power Transformers

IEEE Std C57.12.80-2002 IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers

IEEE Std C57.12.90-1999 IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers

IEEE Std C57.12.91-2001 IEEE Standard Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers

IEEE Std C57.13-1993 (R2003) IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers

IEEE Std C57.13.1-1981 (R1992, 1999) IEEE Guide for Field Testing of Relaying Current Transformers

IEEE Std C57.13.3-1983 (R1990) IEEE Guide for the Grounding of Instrument Transformer Secondary Circuits and Cases

IEEE Std C57.13.5-2003 IEEE Trial-Use Standard of Performance and Test Requirements for Instrument and Transformers

IEEE Std C57.15-1999 IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Step-Voltage Regulators

IEEE Std C57.16-1996 (R2001) IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Dry-Type Air-Core Series-Connected

IEEE Std C57.18.10-1998 (R2003) IEEE Standard Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Power Rectifier Transformers

IEEE Std C57.19.00-1991 (R1997) IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Procedures for Outdoor Power Apparatus

IEEE Std C57.19.01-2000 IEEE Standard Performance Characteristics and Dimensions for Outdoor Apparatus Bushings

IEEE Std C57.19.03-1996 (R2002) IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Bushings for DC Applications

IEEE Std C57.19.100-1995 (R2003) IEEE Guide for Application of Power Apparatus Bushings

IEEE Std C57.21-1990 (R2004) IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Shunt Reactors Rated over

IEEE Std C57.91-1995 (R2004) IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers

IEEE Std C57.91-1995/Cor 1-2002 IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers Corrigendum 1 (Corrigendum

IEEE Std C57.93-1995 (R2001) IEEE Guide for Installation of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers

IEEE Std C57.94-1982 (R2000) IEEE Recommended Practice for the Installation, Application, Operation, and Maintenance

IEEE Std C57.96-1999 (R2004) IEEE Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers

IEEE Std C57.98-1993 (R1999) IEEE Guide for Transformer Impulse Tests

IEEE Std C57.100-1999 IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Liquid-Immersed Distribution...

IEEE Std C57.104-1991 IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers

IEEE Std C57.105-1978 (R1999) IEEE Guide for Application of Transformer Connections in Three-Phase Distribution

IEEE Std C57.106-2002 IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment

IEEE Std C57.109-1993 (R2000) IEEE Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Through-Fault-Current Duration

IEEE Std C57.110-1998 (R2004) IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability When Supplying

IEEE Std C57.111-1989 (R2003) IEEE Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers

IEEE Std C57.113-1991 (R2002) IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge Measurement in Liquid-Filled Power Transformers

IEEE Std C57.116-1989 (R2002) IEEE Guide for Transformers Directly Connected to Generators

IEEE Std C57.117-1986 (R1998) IEEE Guide for Reporting Failure Data for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors on

IEEE Std C57.119-2001 IEEE Recommended Practice for Performing Temperature Rise Tests on Oil-Immersed Power

IEEE Std C57.120-1991 (R2000) IEEE Loss Evaluation Guide for Power Transformers and Reactors

IEEE Std C57.121-1998 IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in

IEEE Std C57.123-2002 IEEE Guide for Transformer Loss Measurement

IEEE Std C57.124-1991 (R1996, 2002) IEEE Recommended Practice for the Detection of Partial Discharge and the Measurement

IEEE Std C57.125-1991 (R1998) IEEE Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformers

IEEE Std C57.127-2000 IEEE Trial-Use Guide for the Detection of Acoustic Emissions from Partial Discharges

IEEE Std C57.129-1999 IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter

IEEE Std C57.131-1995 IEEE Standard Requirements for Load Tap Changers

IEEE Std C57.134-2000 IEEE Guide for Determination of Hottest-Spot Temperature in Dry-Type Transformers

IEEE Std C57.135-2001 IEEE Guide for the Application, Specification, and Testing of Phase-Shifting Transformers

IEEE Std C57.136-2000 IEEE Guide for Sound Level Abatement and Determination for Liquid-Immersed Power

IEEE Std C57.138-1998 IEEE Recommended Practice for Routine Impulse Test for Distribution Transformers

IEEE Std C57.144-2004 IEEE Guide for Metric Conversion of Transformer Standards

Flow Standard Reference

2008-11-05T11:34:00.000+07:00

AISC - AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AISC 316
Manual of Steel Construction Allowable Stress Design
AISC 348
Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts
AISC S334L
Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts

ANSI - AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE

ANSI A14.3
Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders
ANSI B16.5
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ANSI B31.3
Code for Pressure Piping ; Chemical Plant and Petroleum, Refinery Piping, Addenda A, B & C.

API - AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE

API - RP 520
Design and Installation of Pressure Relieving Systems in Refineries Parts1and 2
API - RP 540
Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants
API - RP 551/6
Installation of Refinery All Parts
API 550-Part 1
Manual on Installation of Refinery Instruments and Control Systems
API 600
Valves
API 607
Ball Valves Fire Testing
API 6D
Pipeline Valves, End Closures, Connectors and Swivels
API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards :Chapter 4-Proving Systems, Chapter 5, Section 1, General Considerations for Measurement by Meters, Section 3
: Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters, Section 4 Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters, Section 5: Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement pulsed-Data transmission System, Chapter 6, Section 5: Metering Systems for Loading and Unloading Marine Bulk Carriers, Section 6: Pipeline Metering Systems, Chapter 7: Temperature Determination, Chapter 8: Sampling, Chapter 12, Section 2: Instructions for Calculating Liquid Petroleum Quantities Measured by Turbine Meters, Chapter 14, Section 1: Measuring, Sampling, Testing and Base Conditions for Natural Gas Fluids, Section 6: Installing and Proving Density Meters used to Measure Hydrocarbon Liquid
API MPMS 12.2
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 12 – Calculation of Petroleum Quantities, Section 2 - Instructions for Calculating Liquid Petroleum Quantities Measured by Turbine Displacement Meters
API MPMS 14.1
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 14 – Natural Gas Fluids Measurement, Section 1 – Collecting and Handling of Natural Gas Samples for Custody Transfer
API MPMS 14.6
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 14 – Natural Gas Fluids Measurement, Section 6 – Continuous Density Measurement Errata.
API MPMS 4.5
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 4 – Proving Systems Section 5 – Master-Meter Provers
API MPMS 5.1
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 5 – Metering, Section 1– General Considerations for Measurement by Meters
API MPMS 5.3
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 5 – Metering, Section 3 – Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters
API MPMS 5.4
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 5 – Metering, Section 4 – Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters
API MPMS 5.5
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 5 – Metering, Section 1 – Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement pulsed-data transmission system
API MPMS 6.5
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 6 – Metering Assemblies, Section 5 – Metering Systems for Loading and Unloading Marine Bulk Carriers
API MPMS 6.6
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 6 – Metering Assemblies, Section 6 – Pipeline Metering Systems
API MPMS 7
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 7 – Temperature Determination
API MPMS 8
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 8 – Sampling, Sections 1 through 4
API RP 520 Part 1
Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure- Relieving Devices in Refineries, Part 1 – Sizing and Selection
API RP 520 Part 2
Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure- Relieving Devices in Refineries, Part 2 – Installation
API RP 540
Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants
API RP 551
Process Measurement Instrumentation - Section 2 Flow
API RP 552
Transmission Systems
API RP 553
Refinery Control Valves
API RP 554
Process instrumentation and Control
API RP 556
Instrumentation and Control Systems for Fired Heaters and Steam Generators
API SPEC 6D
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-Pipeline Transportation Systems-Pipeline Valves
API Std 2534
Measurement Control Charts and Statistical Methods for Petroleum Metering Systems
API STD 600
Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
API STD 607
Fire Test for Soft-Seated Quarter-Turn Valves

ASCE - American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCE 7-88
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

ASME - AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

ASME 3-31-3
Calculation for thickness of Restriction Orifices
ASME B16.5
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ Through NPS 24
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
SECT VIII ; Unfired Pressure Vessels, SECT IX Welding, Power Test Code, PTC 19.3, Temperature Measurement ( Thermowell Stress Calculations)
ASME PTC 19.3
Part 3: Temperature Measurement Instruments and Apparatus
ASME-MFC-3M
Measurement of fluid flow in pipes using Orifice, Nozzle and Venturi

AWS - AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY

AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Codes Steel

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION (BSI)

BSI 1780
Bourdon tube pressure and vacuum gauges
BSI 4800
Building Colours
BSI 5146
Inspection and testing of valves
BSI 5490
Specification for degrees of protection provided by enclosures
BSI 5501
Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres
BSI 6121
Mechanical Cable Glands for Elastomeric and Plastic Insulated Cables
BSI BS 4800
Paint Colours for Building Purposes
BSI BS 6121
Mechanical Cable Glands
BSI BS 6755 Part 1
Testing of Valves Part 1: Production Pressure testing Requirements
BSI BS 6755 Part 2
Testing of Valves Part 2: Specification for Fire Type-Testing Requirements
BSI BS EN 50262
Metric Cable Glands for Electrical Installations AMD 13524
BSI BS EN 837.1
Pressure gauges Part 1- Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges – Dimensions, Metrology, Requirements and Testing

CENELEC EN

CENELEC EN 10204
Metallic Products - Types of Inspection Documents
EN - European standard

EN 10204
Metallic products-Types of inspection documents
ICBO - International Conference of Building Officials

ICBO Uniform Building Code (UBC)

ICBO Uniform Building Code V.1
Uniform Building Code Volume 1
ICBO Uniform Building Code V.2
Uniform Building Code Volume 2

IEC - INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

IEC 60079
Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres
IEC 60331
Tests for Electric Cables under Fire Conditions – Circuit Integrity
IEC 60529

Classification of degree of protection provided by enclosure
IP - Institute of Petroleum (GB)

IP Petroleum Measurement Manual Part VII Section 2
(Tentative) Continuous Density Measurement.
IP Petroleum Measurement Manual Part XIII Section 1
Receive dual pulse inputs from the associated turbine meter and carry on pulse security checking.

ISA - INSTRUMENTATION, SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATION SOCIETY

ISA 75.01.01
Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves
ISC - American Institute of Steel Construction

ISC Manual of Steel Construction (Allowable Stress Design)

ISC Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 A490 Bolts

ISO - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANIZATION

ISO 5167-1
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices – Part 1: Orifice plates, Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full
ISO 5168
Measurement of Fluid Flow: Estimation of Uncertainties.
ISO 9001:2000
Quality Manangement Systems – Requirements.

MPMS - API MANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDS

MPMS AGA 8
Compressibility and calculation
MPMS AGA Report No. 9
Ultrasonic meters
MPMS Chapter 12
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities
MPMS Chapter 12.2
Calculation of Liquid Petroleum Quantities Measured Measured by Turbine or Displacement Meters
MPMS Chapter 5
Metering
MPMS Chapter 5.1
Foreword, General Considerations and Scope of Metering
MPMS Chapter 5.2
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement
MPMS Chapter 5.3
Turbine Meters
MPMS Chapter 5.4
Instrumentation or Accessory Equipment for Liquid
MPMS Chapter 6
Metering Assemblies
MPMS Chapter 6.6
Pipeline Metering Systems
MPMS Chapter 6.7
Metering Viscous Hydrocarbons

OSHA - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

OSHA 29 CFR
1917.118Fixed Ladders
ROARK

ROARK 6TH Edition
Calculation for thickness of Restriction Orifices

TOP

Party

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